Functional background of CEO

Ocasio & Kim (1999) ASQ

  • Production and technical
  • Marketing and sales
  • Finance
  • Legal
  • Operatins and other

Forbes: technical, production, sales, marketing, finance, operation, medical, journalism, and legal

Boeker 1997 ASQ <-- Hambrick & Mason 1984

  • Research and development
  • Product engineering
  • Marketing
  • Sales
  • All others


Strategy and structure --- Annual report


Rumelt (1974). Product-dominant, relaqted diversification, or unrelated diversification strategy


Industry-level mimetic effects